Heartburn is a common and occasional episode that affects a large number of people and is generally nothing to worry about. However, if the attacks became frequent and chronic, then it might be the symptom of a more serious condition called Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD).

The cause of GERD or acid reflux stems from a one-way valve called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) which is situated between the esophagus and stomach. The function of LES is to allow food and water to pass into the stomach but prevents backward flow. If the LES weakens or relaxes brought about by one’s diet or lifestyle, the stomach acid can backsplash into the esophagus causing that powerful burning sensation felt behind the chestbone, more commonly referred to as heartburn.

GERD is not something to be ignored as it lead to even more serious problems. Normally, natural remedies like lifestyle changes and healthy and proper diet can help lessen its attacks. However, if one does not take care of his body and left it untreated, it can lead to one or more of the following complications.

Reflux Esophagitis is the condition wherein there is the narrowing in the lining of the esophagus brought about by too much acid exposure. It leads to the formation of the scar tissue which can restrict the food pathway making swallowing difficult. Chunks of food can also get caught in the narrowed area. The treatment involves a special non surgical procedure or an acid-suppressing medication to help prevent re-narrowing of the stricture.

Barret’s esophagus is the condition where there is change in the color and composition of the tissue lining the lower esophagus. The color turns into salmon instead of pink and the lining starts to look like the lining of the small intestine. The person with Barret’s esophagus has higher chances of developing esophageal cancer than that of the general population. Treatment is usually in the form of diet and lifestyle changes and medications to further control the reflux of stomach acid. A regular endoscopy might also be recommended to monitor changes in the esophageal tissue.

Ulcer in the esophagus is another possible complication of GERD. The stomach acid can severely erode the tissue in the esophagus and can lead to open sore. This is manifested in the form of symptoms such as blood in vomit, blood in stool, pain in the mid back, unexplained weight loss and gnawing pain in the stomach. As with other complications, medications and diet and lifestyle changes can help control the problem by giving the damaged tissues the time and chance to heal itself.